Waa maxay baahsanaanta kala duwanaanshaha Omicron?

Waa maxay baahsanaanta kala duwanaanshaha Omicron? Sidee ku saabsan isgaarsiinta? Marka la eego kala duwanaanshaha cusub ee COVID-19, maxay tahay in dadweynuhu fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan shaqadooda maalinlaha ah? Faahfaahinta ka eeg jawaabta Komishanka Caafimaadka Qaranka

S: Waa maxay daahfurka iyo baahsanaanta noocyada Omicron?
J: Bishii Noofambar 9, 2021, nooc ka mid ah COVID-19 B.1.1.529 ayaa markii ugu horreysay laga helay Koonfur Afrika. Laba toddobaad gudahood, mutant-ku wuxuu noqday mutant-ga ugu sarreeya ee kiisaska caabuqa taajka cusub ee Gobolka Gauteng, Koonfur Afrika, oo leh korriin degdeg ah. Noofambar 26, kaas oo ku qeexay "kala duwanaanshaha welwelka" (VOC) ee shanaad, oo loogu magac daray nooca Giriigga Omicron. Laga bilaabo Noofambar 28, South Africa, Israel, Belgium, Italy, Britain, Austria iyo Hong Kong, Shiinuhu waxay la socdeen soo galinta mutant. Soo gelinta mutant-ga ayaan laga helin gobollada iyo magaalooyinka kale ee Shiinaha. Omicron mutant ayaa markii ugu horeysay laga helay oo laga soo sheegay Koonfur Afrika, laakiin macnaheedu maaha in fayrasku ka soo baxay Koonfur Afrika, meesha laga helay mutant-ga maahan meesha uu ka yimid.

S: Maxay yihiin sababaha suurtogalka ah ee soo ifbaxa mutant Omicron?

J: Marka loo eego xogta ay wadaagto xogta COVID-19 GISAID, tirada goobaha isku beddelka ee kala duwanaanshaha COVID-19 ayaa aad uga sarreeyay dhammaan noocyada COVID-19 ee 2 sano ee la soo dhaafay, gaar ahaan Spike. Waxaa la qiyaasayaa in ay jiri karaan saddex sababood oo kala ah:
(1) ka dib markii uu ku dhacay COVID-19, bukaanada difaaca yaraanaya waxay la kulmeen koboc waqti dheer waxayna ururiyeen tiro badan oo isbedel ah oo jirka ah.
(2) Infekshanka COVID-19 ee kooxaha xayawaanka qaarkood wuxuu ku dhacay horumar la-qabsi ah oo ku saabsan habka gudbinta tirada xoolaha, iyada oo heerka isbeddelku uu ka sarreeyo kan bini'aadamka, ka dibna u gudbay bini'aadamka.
(3) isu-beddelku waxa uu ku jiray genome-ga COVID-19 muddo dheer dalalka ama gobollada dib-u-dhaca. Sababtoo ah la'aanta awoodda la socodka, horumarka fayraska jiilka dhexe lama ogaan karo waqtiga.

S: Waa maxay gudbinta kala duwanaanshaha Omicron?
J: Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jirto xog cilmi baaris oo nidaamsan oo ku saabsan gudbinta, cudur-sidaha iyo awoodda fakashada difaaca ee mutant Omicron ee adduunka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mutant Omicron waxa kale oo uu leeyahay goobo muhiim ah oo isku beddelka amino acid ee alfa (alpha), beta (beta), gamma (gamma) iyo delta (delta) borotiinada sare ee afarta nooc ee VOC ee ugu horreeya, oo ay ku jiraan goobaha isbeddelka ee kor u qaada xidhiidhka soo-dhoweynta unugyada iyo fayraska. kartida taranka. Xogta ilaalinta cudurrada faafa iyo shaybaadhka ayaa muujinaysa in tirada kiisaska uu ku dhacay mutant Omicron ee Koonfur Afrika ay si aad ah u korodhay oo ay qayb ahaan badashay mutant-ga delta. Awoodda gudbinta waxay u baahan tahay kormeer iyo cilmi baaris dheeraad ah.

S: Sidee buu Omicron ka duwanaanshiyaha u saameeyaa tallaalada iyo dawooyinka ka hortaga?
A: Daraasaduhu waxay muujinayaan in haddii isbeddellada K417N, E484A ama N501Y ay ku dhacaan borotiinka COVID-19, awoodda ka-baxsanaanta difaaca waa la horumarin doonaa. Waxaa jiray isku beddel saddex jibaaran oo ah "k417n + e484a + n501y" ee mutant Omicron; Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira isbeddello kale oo badan oo laga yaabo inay yareeyaan waxqabadka dhexdhexaadinta unugyada unugyada monoclonal qaarkood. Kor-u-qaadista isbeddellada ayaa laga yaabaa inay yaraato saamaynta difaaceed ee qaar ka mid ah dawooyinka lidka-difaaca ee ku dhaca mutant Omicron, iyo awoodda fakashada difaaca ee tallaallada jira waxay u baahan yihiin in si dheeraad ah loola socdo oo loo darso.

S: Mutant Omicron ma saameeyaa reage-yaasha ogaanshaha acid nucleic ee hadda laga isticmaalo Shiinaha?
J: Falanqaynta Genomic ee Mutant Omicron waxay muujisay in goobteeda isku beddelka aysan saameyn ku yeelan dareenka iyo gaar ahaaneed ee ogaanshaha guud ee aashitada nukliyeerka ee Shiinaha. Goobaha wax-ka-beddelka ee isbeddelka ayaa inta badan ku urursan gobolka kala duwanaanshaha sare ee hidda-wadaha borotiinka S, oo aan ku yaalliin asalka iyo aagga bartilmaameedka baaritaanka ee reagent ogaanshaha aashitada nukliyeerka ee lagu sii daayay daabacaadda 8-aad ee barnaamijka ka-hortagga iyo xakamaynta sambabada cusub ee Coronavirus (ORF1ab). hiddo-wadaha iyo hidda-wadaha N ee Shiinaha CDC u sii daayay cudurka fayraska adduunka). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xogta laga helay dhowr shaybaar oo ku yaal Koonfur Afrika waxay soo jeedinaysaa in reagent-ka ogaanshaha aashitada nucleic-ka ee bartilmaameedka ogaanshaha ee S hidda-wadaha laga yaabo in aanu si wax ku ool ah u ogaan karin hidda-wadaha S ee mutant Omicron.

S: Waa maxay talaabooyinka ay qaadayaan wadamada iyo gobolada ay khusayso?
J: Marka la eego isbeddellada degdegga ah ee cudurka Omicron mutant ee Koonfur Afrika, dalal badan iyo gobollo, oo ay ku jiraan Mareykanka, Boqortooyada Midowday, Midowga Yurub, Ruushka, Israa'iil, Taiwan iyo Hong Kong, ayaa xaddiday gelitaanka dalxiisayaasha koonfurta Afrika.

S: Waa maxay tallaabooyinka Shiinaha ee ka hortagga?
J: Kahortagga iyo istaraatiijiyadda xakamaynta "talaalada difaaca dibadda iyo dib u soo celinta difaaca gudaha" ee Shiinaha ayaa wali waxtar u leh mutant Omicron. Machadka cudurrada fayraska ee Xarunta Shiinaha ee Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada ayaa aasaasay hab gaar ah oo lagu ogaanayo aashitada nukliyeerka ee mutant Omicron, wuxuuna sii wadaa inuu fuliyo kormeerka genome-ka fayraska ee kiisaska suurtagalka ah ee la geli karo. Tallaabooyinka kor ku xusan waxay waxtar u yeelan doonaan ogaanshaha waqtiga saxda ah ee mutants Omicron ee laga yaabo in la keeno Shiinaha.

S: Maxay yihiin talooyinka cidda wax ka qabanaysa kala duwanaanshaha Omicron?
J:WHO waxa ay ku talinaysaa in dhamaan wadamada ay xoojiyaan la socodka, warbixinta iyo cilmi baadhista COVID-19, oo ay qaadaan tilaabooyin caafimaad oo wax ku ool ah oo lagu joojinayo gudbinta fayraska. Waxaa lagu talinayaa in shakhsiyaadka ay qaadaan tallaabooyin wax ku ool ah oo ka hortagga caabuqa, oo ay ku jiraan ilaalinta fogaanta ugu yaraan 1m ee meelaha caamka ah, xidhashada maaskaro, furitaanka daaqadaha hawada, nadiifinta gacmaha, qufaca ama hindhisada suxulada ama tuwaalada waraaqaha, tallaalka, iwm, iyo adigoo iska ilaalinaya inaad aado meelaha hawo liidata ama dadku ku badan yihiin. Marka la barbar dhigo mutantiyada kale ee VOC, lama hubo in gudbinta, cudur-sidaha iyo awoodda difaaca difaaca ee mutants Omicron ay ka xoog badan tahay. Natiijooyinka hordhaca ah ayaa la heli doonaa dhowrka toddobaad ee soo socda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la og yahay in dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ay keeni karaan jirro daran ama dhimasho, sidaas darteed ka hortagga gudbinta fayrasku had iyo jeer waa furaha. Tallaalka cusub ee taajka ayaa weli wax ku ool u ah dhimista jirrada daran iyo dhimashada.

S: Marka la eego kala duwanaanshaha cusub ee COVID-19, maxay tahay in dadweynuhu fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan shaqadooda maalinlaha ah?
J: (1) Xidhashada maaskaro weli waa hab wax ku ool ah oo looga hortago gudbinta fayraska, sidoo kale waxay khusaysaa kala duwanaanshaha Omicron. Xitaa haddii dhammaan habka tallaalka iyo duritaanka xoojinta la dhammeeyey, sidoo kale waa lagama maarmaan in la xidho maaskaro meelaha dadweynaha ee gudaha ah, gaadiidka dadweynaha iyo meelaha kale. Intaa waxaa dheer, gacmaha si joogta ah u dhaq oo si fiican u qaboojiyaha gudaha gudaha. (2) Samee shaqo wanaagsan xagga la socodka caafimaadka shakhsi ahaaneed. Haddii laga shakiyo calaamadaha cudurka sambabada ee coronavirus-ka cusub sida qandho, qufac, neefta oo ku yaraata, iwm., la socodka waqtiga ee heerkulka jidhka iyo daawaynta firfircoon. (3) Yaree gelida iyo bixidda aan loo baahnayn. Dhowr maalmood gudahood, dalal iyo gobollo badan ayaa si isdaba joog ah uga warbixiyay soo dejinta Omicron mutant. Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale wajahaya khatarta soo dejinta mutant-gan, iyo fahamka caalamiga ah ee mutant-gan ayaa wali xaddidan. Sidaa darteed, u safrida meelaha khatarta sare leh waa in la yareeyaa, ilaalinta shakhsi ahaaneed inta lagu jiro safarka waa in la xoojiyaa, iyo fursada infekshanka mutant Omicron waa in la yareeyaa.